New particles discovered at the LHC
New fundamental particles
Counter | Experiment | Particle | Mass [GeV] | Date | Reference | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | ATLAS | $\sf Higgs\ Boson$ | $126.0\pm0.6$ | 31 Jul 2012 | Phys. Lett. B716 (2012) 1 | |
1. | CMS | $\sf Higgs\ Boson$ | $125.3\pm0.7$ | 31 Jul 2012 | Phys. Lett. B716 (2012) 30 |
So far 1 fundamental particle has been discovered at the LHC.
New hadrons
Counter | Experiment | Particle | Mass [MeV] | Quarks | Date | Reference | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | ATLAS | $\chi_b(3P)$ | $10530\pm10$ | $b\bar{b}$ | 21 Dec 2011 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012) 152001 | Later resolved into $\chi_{b1}(3P)$ and $\chi_{b2}(3P)$ |
2. | CMS | $\Xi_b(5945)^0$ | $5945.0\pm3.0$ | $bsu$ | 26 Apr 2012 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012) 252002 | |
3. | LHCb | $\Lambda_b(5920)^0$ | $5919.8\pm0.7$ | $bud$ | 15 May 2012 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 (2012) 172003 | |
4. | LHCb | $\Lambda_b(5912)^0$ | $5912.0\pm0.7$ | $bud$ | 15 May 2012 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 (2012) 172003 | |
5-6. | LHCb | $D_J^*(3000)^{+,0}$ | $3008\pm4$ | $c\bar{q}$ | 17 Jul 2013 | JHEP 09 (2013) 145 | Mass of $+$ state fixed in fit |
7. | LHCb | $D_J(3000)^0$ | $2972\pm9$ | $c\bar{u}$ | 17 Jul 2013 | JHEP 09 (2013) 145 | |
8. | LHCb | $D_J^*(2760)^+$ | $2772\pm4$ | $c\bar{d}$ | 17 Jul 2013 | JHEP 09 (2013) 145 | |
9. | LHCb | $D_J(2740)^0$ | $2737\pm12$ | $c\bar{u}$ | 17 Jul 2013 | JHEP 09 (2013) 145 | |
10. | LHCb | $D_J(2580)^0$ | $2580\pm6$ | $c\bar{u}$ | 17 Jul 2013 | JHEP 09 (2013) 145 | |
11. | CMS | $\chi_{c1}(4140)$ | $4146.5\pm3.0$ | $c\bar{c}(s\bar{s})$ | 26 Sep 2013 | Phys. Lett. B734 (2014) 261 | Was $X(4140)$. Four-quark content not unambiguously established. |
12. | ATLAS | $B_c(2S)^+$ | $6842\pm6$ | $\bar{b}c$ | 03 Jul 2014 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 (2014) 212004 | Later resolved into two states. |
13. | LHCb | $D_{s1}^*(2860)^+$ | $2859\pm27$ | $c\bar{s}$ | 28 Jul 2014 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 (2014) 162001 | Resolves $D_{sJ}(2860)^+$. See Note a. |
14. | LHCb | $\Xi_b(5955)^{-}$ | $5955.3\pm0.5$ | $bsd$ | 18 Nov 2014 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 (2015) 062004 | |
15. | LHCb | $\Xi_b'(5935)^{-}$ | $5935.0\pm0.5$ | $bsd$ | 18 Nov 2014 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 (2015) 062004 | |
16-17. | LHCb | $B_J(5970)^{+,0}$ | $5969\pm6$ | $\bar{b}q$ | 09 Feb 2015 | JHEP 1504 (2015) 024 | |
18-19. | LHCb | $B_J(5840)^{+,0}$ | $5863\pm9$ | $\bar{b}q$ | 09 Feb 2015 | JHEP 1504 (2015) 024 | See Note b. |
20. | LHCb | $P_{c\bar{c}}(4450)^+$ | $4449.8\pm3.0$ | $c\bar{c}uud$ | 13 Jul 2015 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 (2015) 072001 | Later resolved into $P^{c\bar{c}}(4440)^+$ and $P^{c\bar{c}}(4457)^+$. |
21. | LHCb | $P_{c\bar{c}}(4380)^+$ | $4380\pm30$ | $c\bar{c}uud$ | 13 Jul 2015 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 (2015) 072001 | |
22. | LHCb | $\chi_{c0}(4700)$ | $4694\,^{+\,16}_{-\,5}$ | $c\bar{c}(s\bar{s})$ | 25 Jun 2016 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 022003 | Was $X(4700)$. Four-quark content not unambiguously established. See Note c. |
23. | LHCb | $\chi_{c0}(4500)$ | $4474\pm4$ | $c\bar{c}(s\bar{s})$ | 25 Jun 2016 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 022003 | Was $X(4500)$. Four-quark content not unambiguously established. |
24. | LHCb | $\chi_{c1}(4274)$ | $4286\,^{+\,8}_{-\,9}$ | $c\bar{c}(s\bar{s})$ | 25 Jun 2016 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 022003 | Was $X(4274)$. Four-quark content not unambiguously established. |
25. | LHCb | $D_3^*(2760)^0$ | $2776\pm8$ | $c\bar{u}$ | 03 Aug 2016 | Phys. Rev. D94 (2016) 072001 | |
26. | LHCb | $\Lambda_c(2860)^+$ | $2856\,^{+\,2}_{-\,6}$ | $cud$ | 26 Jan 2017 | JHEP 05 (2017) 30 | |
27. | LHCb | $\Omega_c(3119)^0$ | $3119.1\,^{+\,1.0}_{-\,1.1}$ | $css$ | 14 Mar 2017 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 182001 | |
28. | LHCb | $\Omega_c(3090)^0$ | $3090.2\,^{+\,0.7}_{-\,0.8}$ | $css$ | 14 Mar 2017 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 182001 | |
29. | LHCb | $\Omega_c(3066)^0$ | $3065.6\,^{+\,0.4}_{-\,0.6}$ | $css$ | 14 Mar 2017 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 182001 | |
30. | LHCb | $\Omega_c(3050)^0$ | $3050.2\,^{+\,0.3}_{-\,0.5}$ | $css$ | 14 Mar 2017 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 182001 | |
31. | LHCb | $\Omega_c(3000)^0$ | $3000.4\,^{+\,0.4}_{-\,0.5}$ | $css$ | 14 Mar 2017 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 182001 | |
32. | LHCb | $\Xi^{++}_{cc}$ | $3621.4\pm0.8$ | $ccu$ | 06 Jul 2017 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 (2017) 112001 | Weakly decaying |
33. | LHCb | $\Xi_b(6227)^-$ | $6226.9\pm2.0$ | $bsd$ | 23 May 2018 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 (2018) 072002 | |
34. | CMS | $\chi_{b2}(3P)$ | $10524.0\pm0.6$ | $b\bar{b}$ | 28 May 2018 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 (2018) 092002 | Resolves $\chi_{b}(3P)$. |
CMS | $\chi_{b1}(3P)$ | $10513.4\pm0.4$ | $b\bar{b}$ | 28 May 2018 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 (2018) 092002 | Resolves $\chi_{b}(3P)$. | |
35. | LHCb | $\Sigma_b(6097)^-$ | $6095.8\pm1.8$ | $bdd$ | 20 Sep 2018 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 (2019) 012001 | |
36. | LHCb | $\Sigma_b(6097)^+$ | $6098.0\pm1.8$ | $buu$ | 20 Sep 2018 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 (2019) 012001 | |
37. | CMS | $B_c^{*}(2S)^+$ | Undetermined | $\bar{b}c$ | 01 Feb 2019 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 (2019) 132001 | Resolves $B_c(2S)^+$ (ATLAS). See Note a. |
CMS | $B_c(2S)^+$ | $6871.0\pm1.6$ | $\bar{b}c$ | 01 Feb 2019 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 (2019) 132001 | Resolves $B_c(2S)^+$ (ATLAS). See Note d. | |
38. | LHCb | $\psi(3842)$ | $3842.70\pm0.20$ | $c\bar{c}$ | 28 Mar 2019 | JHEP 1907 (2019) 035 | Was $X(3842)$. Could be the $\psi_3(1^3D_3)$ charmonium |
39. | LHCb | $P_{c\bar{c}}(4457)^+$ | $4457\,^{+\,4}_{-\,2}$ | $c\bar{c}uud$ | 08 Apr 2019 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 (2019) 222001 | Resolves $P_{c\bar{c}}(4450)^+$. |
LHCb | $P_{c\bar{c}}(4440)^+$ | $4440\,^{+\,4}_{-\,5}$ | $c\bar{c}uud$ | 08 Apr 2019 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 (2019) 222001 | Resolves $P_{c\bar{c}}(4450)^+$. | |
40. | LHCb | $P_{c\bar{c}}(4312)^+$ | $4312\,^{+\,7}_{-\,1}$ | $c\bar{c}uud$ | 08 Apr 2019 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 (2019) 222001 | |
41. | LHCb | $\Lambda_b(6152)^0$ | $6152.5\pm0.4$ | $bud$ | 31 Jul 2019 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 (2019) 152001 | |
42. | LHCb | $\Lambda_b(6146)^0$ | $6146.2\pm0.4$ | $bud$ | 31 Jul 2019 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 (2019) 152001 | |
43. | LHCb | $\Omega_b(6350)^-$ | $6349.9\pm0.6$ | $bss$ | 03 Jan 2020 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 (2020) 082002 | |
44. | LHCb | $\Omega_b(6340)^-$ | $6339.7\pm0.6$ | $bss$ | 03 Jan 2020 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 (2020) 082002 | |
45. | LHCb | $\Lambda_b(6070)^0$ | $6072.3\pm3.0$ | $bud$ | 12 Feb 2020 | JHEP 06 (2020) 136 | |
46. | LHCb | $\Xi_c(2965)^0$ | $2964.9\pm0.4$ | $csd$ | 30 Mar 2020 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 (2020) 222001 | See Note e. |
47. | LHCb | $\Xi_c(2939)^0$ | $2938.55\pm0.30$ | $csd$ | 30 Mar 2020 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 (2020) 222001 | |
48. | LHCb | $\Xi_c(2923)^0$ | $2923.04\pm0.35$ | $csd$ | 30 Mar 2020 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 (2020) 222001 | |
49. | LHCb | $T_{c\bar{c}c\bar{c}}(6900)$ | $6899\pm12$ | $c\bar{c}c\bar{c}$ | 30 Jun 2020 | Science Bulletin 2020 65(23) 1983 | Was $X(6900)$. |
50. | LHCb | $T_{cs1}^*(2900)^0$ | $2904\pm5$ | $c\bar{d}s\bar{u}$ | 31 Aug 2020 | Phys. Rev. D102 (2020) 112003 | Was $X_1(2900)$. |
51. | LHCb | $T_{cs0}^*(2870)^0$ | $2866\pm7$ | $c\bar{d}s\bar{u}$ | 31 Aug 2020 | Phys. Rev. D102 (2020) 112003 | Was $X_0(2900)$. |
52. | LHCb | $\Xi_b(6227)^0$ | $6227.1\,^{+\,1.5}_{-\,1.6}$ | $bsu$ | 27 Oct 2020 | Phys. Rev. D103 (2021) 012004 | Isospin partner of $\Xi_b(6227)^-$ |
53. | LHCb | $B_s^*(6114)^0$ | $6114\pm6$ | $\bar{b}s$ | 29 Oct 2020 | Eur. Phys. J. C81 (2021) 601 | See Note f. |
54. | LHCb | $B_s^*(6063)^0$ | $6063.5\pm1.4$ | $\bar{b}s$ | 29 Oct 2020 | Eur. Phys. J. C81 (2021) 601 | See Note f. |
55. | LHCb | $D_{s0}(2590)^+$ | $2591\pm9$ | $c\bar{s}$ | 18 Nov 2020 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 (2021) 122002 | |
56. | CMS | $\Xi_b(6100)^-$ | $6100.3\pm0.6$ | $bsd$ | 08 Feb 2021 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 (2021) 252003 | |
57. | LHCb | $\chi_{c1}(4685)$ | $4684\,^{+\,15}_{-\,17}$ | $c\bar{c}(s\bar{s})$ | 02 Mar 2021 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 (2021) 082001 | Was $X(4685)$. Four-quark content not unambiguously established. |
58. | LHCb | $X(4630)$ | $4630\,^{+\,20}_{-\,110}$ | $c\bar{c}(s\bar{s})$ | 02 Mar 2021 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 (2021) 082001 | Four-quark content not unambiguously established. |
59. | LHCb | $T_{c\bar{c}\bar{s}1}(4220)^+$ | $4220\,^{+\,50}_{-\,40}$ | $c\bar{c}u\bar{s}$ | 02 Mar 2021 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 (2021) 082001 | Was $Z_{cs}(4220)^+$ |
60. | LHCb | $T_{c\bar{c}\bar{s}1}(4000)^+$ | $4003\,^{+\,7}_{-\,15}$ | $c\bar{c}u\bar{s}$ | 02 Mar 2021 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 (2021) 082001 | Was $Z_{cs}(4000)^+$. See Note g. |
61. | LHCb | $T_{cc}(3875)^+$ | $3874.83\pm0.11$ | $cc\bar{u}\bar{d}$ | 03 Sep 2021 | Nature Phys. 18 (2022) 7 | |
62. | LHCb | $\Xi_b(6333)^0$ | $6332.70\pm0.30$ | $bsu$ | 12 Oct 2021 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 128 (2022) 162001 | |
63. | LHCb | $\Xi_b(6327)^0$ | $6327.30\pm0.30$ | $bsu$ | 12 Oct 2021 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 128 (2022) 162001 | |
64. | LHCb | $P_{c\bar{c}s}(4338)^0$ | $4338.2\,^{+\,0.7}_{-\,0.4}$ | $c\bar{c}sud$ | 19 Oct 2022 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 131 (2023) 031901 | |
65. | LHCb | $X(3960)$ | $3956\pm13$ | $c\bar{c}(s\bar{s})$ | 25 Oct 2022 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 131 (2023) 071901 | Unlikely ($3\sigma$) to be the same state as $\chi_c(3915)$. See Note h. |
66. | LHCb | $T_{c\bar{s}0}^*(2900)^0$ | $2892\pm21$ | $c\bar{s}\bar{u}d$ | 06 Dec 2022 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 131 (2023) 041902 | |
67. | LHCb | $T_{c\bar{s}0}^*(2900)^{++}$ | $2921\pm26$ | $c\bar{s}u\bar{d}$ | 06 Dec 2022 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 131 (2023) 041902 | |
68. | LHCb | $T_{c\bar{c}\bar{s}1}(4000)^0$ | $3991\,^{+\,15}_{-\,20}$ | $c\bar{c}d\bar{s}$ | 12 Jan 2023 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 131 (2023) 131901 | Isospin partner of the $T_{c\bar{c} s1}(4000)^+$. See Note i. |
69. | LHCb | $\Omega_c(3185)^0$ | $3185\,^{+\,8}_{-\,2}$ | $css$ | 10 Feb 2023 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 131 (2023) 131902 | |
70. | LHCb | $\Omega_c(3327)^0$ | $3327.1\,^{+\,1.3}_{-\,1.8}$ | $css$ | 10 Feb 2023 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 131 (2023) 131902 | |
71. | CMS | $T_{c\bar{c}c\bar{c}}(6600)$ | $6552\pm16$ | $c\bar{c}c\bar{c}$ | 12 Jun 2023 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 132 (2024) 111901 | |
72. | LHCb | $\Xi_b(6095)^0$ | $6095.4\pm0.5$ | $bsu$ | 25 Jul 2023 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 132 (2024) 111901 | |
73. | LHCb | $\Xi_b(6087)^0$ | $6087.2\pm0.5$ | $bsu$ | 25 Jul 2023 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 132 (2024) 111901 | |
74. | LHCb | $h_c(4000)$ | $4000\,^{+\,33}_{-\,26}$ | $c\bar{c}$ | 06 Jun 2024 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 133 (2024) 131902 | |
75. | LHCb | $\chi_{c1}(4010)$ | $4013\,^{+\,6}_{-\,5}$ | $c\bar{c}(q\bar{q})$ | 06 Jun 2024 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 133 (2024) 131902 | |
76. | LHCb | $h_c(4300)$ | $4307\,^{+\,7}_{-\,8}$ | $c\bar{c}$ | 06 Jun 2024 | Phys. Rev. Lett. 133 (2024) 131902 | |
77. | LHCb | $\Xi_c(2923)^+$ | $2922.8\,^{+\,0.3}_{-\,0.5}$ | $csu$ | 26 Feb 2025 | arXiv:2502.18987 | Isospin partner of $\Xi_c(2923)^0$. |
78. | CMS | $T_{c\bar{c}c\bar{c}}(7100)$ | $7173\pm16$ | $c\bar{c}c\bar{c}$ | 08 Apr 2025 | BPH-24-003 |
So far 78 hadrons have been discovered at the LHC, of which 69 by LHCb
![]() Number of new hadrons per year. LHCb-only version: pdf, png |
![]() Number of hadrons versus time. LHCb-only version: pdf, png |
![]() Masses and discovery date for hadrons observed at the LHC. Hollow markers indicate superseded hadrons. |
![]() Masses and discovery date for hadrons observed at LHCb. Hollow markers indicate superseded hadrons. |
![]() Masses and discovery date for conventional mesons observed at the LHC. Hollow markers indicate superseded hadrons. |
![]() Masses and discovery date for conventional baryons observed at the LHC. |
![]() Masses and discovery date for conventional hadrons observed at the LHC. Hollow markers indicate superseded hadrons. |
![]() Masses and discovery date for exotic hadrons observed at the LHC. Hollow markers indicate superseded hadrons. |
![]() Masses and discovery date for charmed hadrons observed at the LHC. Hollow markers indicate superseded hadrons. |
Only first observations of particles with $5\sigma$ significance are listed. $q$ stands for $u$ or $d$. If a peak is observed and later resolved into several components, both papers are listed but particles are not double counted. This page uses the 2023 PDG naming convention.
It is yet unclear if the "toponium" $\eta_t$ excess reported by CMS in 2025 is a hadron or a threshold feature.
Notes:- Previously known narrow $D_{s}(2860)^-$ resolved into a wide spin-1 and a narrow spin-3 state. We therefore consider the spin-1 state to be new.
- Charged and neutral states seen. The masses reported here are those of the neutral state (using the "empirical fit"). The heavier state could be the $B_J(5970)$ seen by CDF.
- Was $X(4700)$. A state $X(4740)$ was reported by LHCb with properties that are consistent with those of the $X(4700)$ state. It is not listed here.
- Two peaks are observed. One is the $B_c(2S)^+$, the other likely the partially reconstructed $B_c^*(2S)^+$. The mass of the $B_c(2S)^{*+}$ is determined to be $m(B_c^{*+}(2S))-m(B_c^{*+}) = 567.0,1.0$ MeV.
- At the time of publication it was not yet clear if this state differs from the known $\Xi_c(2970)^0$ baryon. This was resolved with a more precise measurement of the width of the latter in LHCb-PAPER-2024-055.
- These states decay to $BK$ and thus have natural spin-parity, making them $B_s^*$ states. But the possibility of the peak being produced through $B^*K$ with a missing photon is also discussed in the paper. This comment potentially applies to other states discovered in prompt production.
- The mass of the $T_{c\bar{c} s1}(4000)^+$ state is consistent with that of the $T_{c\bar{c} s1}(3985)^+$ reported by BESIII but its width is significantly larger. PDG averages them.
- Also, $\chi_c(3960)$ most likely has strange content while $\chi_c(3915)$ doesn't. PDG considers it to be the same as $\chi_c(3915)$ and averages mass and widths.
- The significance of this resonance in the $B^0$ fit alone is $4.0\sigma$ but is above $5\sigma$ if it is assumed to be the isospin partner of the $T_{c\bar{c} s1}(4000)^+$.
Please report mistakes and omissions.
- Similar (and interactive) plots for other experiments are provided by the Quarkonium Working Group at ExoticsHub.
- The corresponding BES III plot is here.
A supporting note (dated 2 March 2021, with a count at 59 resonances) is available at LHCb-FIGURE-2021-001.
See also A bestiary of exotic hadrons, Patrick Koppenburg and Marco Pappagallo, CERN courier, Geneva, Switzerland, November 2024.
How to cite these plots: LHCb collaboration, P. Koppenburg, List of hadrons observed at the LHC, LHCb-FIGURE-2021-001, 2021, and recent updates. (See BibTeX and cff snippets).