New particles discovered at the LHC

New fundamental particles

So far 1 fundamental particle has been discovered at the LHC.

New hadrons

So far 75 hadrons have been discovered at the LHC, of which 67 by LHCb

Number of new hadrons per year. LHCb-only version: pdf, png	Number of hadrons versus time. LHCb-only version: pdf, png
Masses and discovery date for states observed at the LHC. Hollow markers indicate superseded states.	Masses and discovery date for states observed at LHCb. Hollow markers indicate superseded states.
Masses and discovery date for conventional mesons observed at the LHC. Hollow markers indicate superseded states.	Masses and discovery date for conventional baryons observed at the LHC. Hollow markers indicate superseded states.
Masses and discovery date for conventional hadrons observed at the LHC. Hollow markers indicate superseded states.	Masses and discovery date for exotic states observed at the LHC. Hollow markers indicate superseded states.

Only first observations of particles with $5\sigma$ significance are listed. $q$ stands for $u$ or $d$. If a peak is observed and later resolved into several components, both papers are listed but particles are not double counted. This page uses the 2023 PDG naming convention.

1. Previously known narrow $D_{s}(2860)^-$ resolved into a wide spin-1 and a narrow spin-3 state. We therefore consider the spin-1 state to be new.
2. Charged and neutral states seen. The masses reported here are those of the neutral state (using the "empirical fit"). The heavier state could be the $B_J(5970)$ seen by CDF.
3. Was $X(4700)$. A state $X(4740)$ was reported by LHCb with properties that are consistent with those of the $X(4700)$ state. It is not listed here.
4. Two peaks are observed. One is the $B_c(2S)^+$, the other likely the partially reconstructed $B_c^*(2S)^+$. The mass of the $B_c(2S)^{*+}$ is determined to be $m(B_c^{*+}(2S))-m(B_c^{*+}) = 567.0,1.0$ MeV.
5. A third state, $\Xi_c(2965)^0$, is observed, but it is not yet clear if it differs from the known $\Xi_c(2970)^0$ baryon.
6. These states decay to $BK$ and thus have natural spin-parity, making them $B_s^*$ states. But the possibility of the peak being produced through $B^*K$ with a missing photon is also discussed in the paper. This comment potentially applies to other states discovered in prompt production.
7. The mass of the $T_{c\bar{c} s1}(4000)^+$ state is consistent with that of the $T_{c\bar{c} s1}(3985)^+$ reported by BESIII but its width is significantly larger. PDG averages them.
8. Also, $$\chi_c(3960)$ most likely has strange content while $\chi_c(3915)$ doesn't. PDG considers it to be the same as $\chi_c(3915)$ and averages mass and widths.
9. The significance of this resonance in the $B^0$ fit alone is $4.0\sigma$ but is above $5\sigma$ if it is assumed to be the isospin partner of the $T_{c\bar{c} s1}(4000)^+$.

Please report mistakes and omissions.

• Similar (and interactive) plots for other experiments are provided by the Quarkonium Working Group at ExoticsHub.
• The corresponding BES III plot is here.

A supporting note (dated 2 March 2021, with a count at 59 resonances) is available at LHCb-FIGURE-2021-001.

See also A bestiary of exotic hadrons, Patrick Koppenburg and Marco Pappagallo, CERN courier, Geneva, Switzerland, November 2024.

How to cite these plots: LHCb collaboration, P. Koppenburg, List of hadrons observed at the LHC, LHCb-FIGURE-2021-001, 2021, and 2023 updates. (See BibTeX and cff snippets). © CC BY 4.0 Patrick Koppenburg, 2023.